Hypoglycaemia Medicine(Diabetes medicine)
As per the W.H.O. diabetes mellitus is defined as a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by common feature of chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate fat, protein,fat metabolism, at this point it is also important to understand another related terms metabolic syndrome also called syndrome "x" or insulin resistance syndrome consisting of a combination of metabolic abnormalities which increase the risk to develop Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.
Top 5 countries with highest prevalence of Diabetes mellitus are India, China, US, Indonesia and Japan.
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| Diabetes/medicine |
Questions answered below -
Which is best medicine for diabetes?
What are the names of diabetic medicines?
What is the new drug for diabetes?
What is best medication for type 2 diabetes?
Oral hypoglycaemic drugs or medicines
Classification of hypoglycaemia drugs 1. Enhance insuline secretion -
a. sulfonyl urease - KATP channel blocker
First generation - Tolbutamide
Second generation - Glybenclamide(glyburide), glimepiride, Glipizide, Gliclazide
b. Meglitinide/phenylalanine -
Repaglinide, nateglinide
c. GLP-1 receptor agonist(Glucagon like peptide-1)
Exinatide, Liraglutide
d. DPP-4 inhibitor(Dipeptidyl peptidase-4)
Sitagliptin,Vidagliptin,Saxagliptin,Linagliptin,Alogliptin.
2. Overcome insuline resistance -
a. Biguanides (AMPk activator) -
Metformin
b. Thiazolidinediones(PPARk activator)
Piaglitazone
3. Miscellaneous antidiabetic drugs/medicine -
a. Alpha-glusidase inhibitors-
Acarbose,miglitol,Voglibose
b. Amylin analogue -
Pramlintide
c. Dopamin-D2 receptor agonist -
Bromocriptin
d. SGLT-2 inhibitor(Sodium-glucose cotransport-2)
Dapagliflozin
Oral hypoglycaemics are indicated only in type 2 diabetes,in addition to diet and exercise.
They are most effective in patients with -
1.Age above 40 years at onset of disease.
2.Obesity at time of presentation.
3.Duration of disease <5 years when starting treatment.
4.Fasting blood sugar <200mg/dl.
5.Insulin requirement <40 U/day.
6.No ketoacidosis or history of it,or any other complication.
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